Перегляд за Автор "Tokar, Volodymyr"

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Female economic participation and dynamics of GDP per capitain eu member-states
(Університет «КРОК», 2021) Vinska, Oksana; Tokar, Volodymyr
The article sheds light on female emancipation in EU member-states being the magnet for Ukraine due to their living standards and values. The aim of the article is to analyze the economic activity of women and the dynamics of GDP per capita in EU member states. Gender equality is the integral part of EU internal and external policies being an overwhelming concept embracing many dimensions, including the economic one. The EU concentrates on engaging more femalesin the official labor market with guarantees of equal with males salaries, supporting work-life balance, voluntary and compulsory gender quotas in business and politics, ensuring safety for women at home and workplaces. A wide range of publications tries to persuade that there is a correlation between female economic emancipation and national economic advancement demonstrating that gender equality is only a new method guaranteeing additional profits for corporations and tax revenues for governments. The authors of this research paper apply Spearman coefficient to determine whether there is any correlation between economic growth and economic participation and opportunities for women, namely GDP per capita at current market prices and values of economic gender gap sub-index of EU member-states in 2016-2020. The average growth of GDP per capita in EU member-states equaled 11.6 percent in 2016-2020. Ireland showed the maximum relative increase of 29.1 percent, while Greece, Italy, Spain, and Sweden experienced the decline. The average gender gap in economic participation and opportunity in EU member-states decreased by 0.018 points in 2016-2020. The calculations show that the Spearman correlation coefficient is statistically insignificant. Therefore, economic gender equality by itself is not enough for stimulating economic growth and should be viewed as an indisputable human right and accompanied by fostering gender equality in other spheres, such as education, health care and politics
Using cluster analysis for revealing gender equality patterns in EU ICT education and employment
(2023-08-31) Tokar, Volodymyr; Tyshchenko, Dmytro; Franchuk, Tamara; Makoiedova, Valentyna; Lotariev, Andrii; Лотарєв, Андрій Григорович;
Women are underrepresented in all aspects of ICT, including education and employment. This issue can be attributed to a lack of encouragement and opportunities for women to pursue ICT careers, as well as implicit biases and tereotypes leading to women being overlooked for roles in the industry. Cluster analysis is a useful tool for analyzing and grouping data to identify patterns and trends. This article aims to investigate the state of gender equality in information and communication technology education and employment across the European Union member-states using cluster analysis. The study uses data from the Eurostat to determine the female to male ratios of new bachelor entrants studying information and communication technologies, as well as employees working in the ICT in EU member-states. The article distinguishes gender equity leaders, adopters and laggards among EU member-states. The data was organized into six clusters of EU memberstates with a focus on gender equality among those who enter into bachelor-level ICT programs and are employed in the field. Moreover, the article examines the ratio of female to male enrolled in information technology in Ukraine analyzing the case of the State University of Trade and Economics. It was found that the ratio of female to male does not have a stable upward trend. The article proposes some initiatives aimed at increasing the number of girls and women in ICT. This study provides valuable insights into the current state of gender equality in the ICT sector across EU member-states. The findings of this study can inform policymakers and stakeholders in developing targeted interventions to address gender inequality in the ICT sector. This will promote a more inclusive and diverse ICT workforce, which is essential for economic growth and social development