Наукові публікації у періодичних фахових виданнях України
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Документ Mutual responsibility of the state and the individual for the ecological state of the environment(Видавнича група «Наукові перспективи», 2024) Horielova, Veronika Yuriivna; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаThe article examines the current state and problematic aspects of liability in the environmental sphere and nature management, which is a "sustainable issue", the solution of which is complicated, firstly by military conflicts, environmental and man-made disasters.It is emphasised that the highest value is a human being, his or her life and well-being, which are inextricably linked and dependent on the quality of the environment.The fact that this issue affects almost all aspects of human activity highlights the importance of finding ways to solve it.Responsibility in the environmental sphere, therefore, should be seen, on the one hand, as the responsibility of the state to the individual, and, on the other hand, as the responsibility of the individual for the damage caused to the environment.The article investigates the peculiarities of positive (ensuring rational use of nature, identifying risks and threats to the environment and preventing them, etc.) and negative responsibility of the State for the ecological state of the environment to a person, which should not be viewed from the standpoint of "guilty without guilt", but as unsatisfactory work of state bodies to prevent environmental threats.The features of positive and negative human responsibility for the ecological state of the environment are also considered.Due to the absence of legislative consolidation, the article offers the author's definition of the understanding of damage to the environment -as negative consequences resulting from irrational or illegal interference.Summarising the experts research, the article concludes that there is an inequality of responsibility between the subjects of environmental law.In the context of inadequate state environmental control and a high level of environmental violations, it would be correct to introduce public control and give such control broad powers to ensure compliance withenvironmental legislation, which will serve to preserve the environment and strengthen law and order.Документ Журналістська свобода слова та суспільна мораль: теоретико-правовий аспект(Науково-дослідний інститут публічного права, 2020) Горєлова, В.Ю.; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаУ статті досліджується питання співвідношення категорій «свобода слова» та «суспільна мораль». Проаналізовані законодавчі акти щодо забезпечення права журналіста на свободу слова. Встановлено, що втручання у право особи на свободу вираження поглядів становитиме порушення як міжнародних, так і національних правових актів. Виявлено, що, хоча свобода вираження поглядів журналіста і являє собою одну з важливих засад правового та демократичного суспільства та забез печена захистом законодавства, однак наведені в статті законодавчі положення ма ють певні винятки. Єдність моралі і журналістики визнана світом і не піддається сумніву, адже журналістика по суті своєї діяльності здатна впливати на психіку та духовний стан більше, ніж будь-яка інша професія, а також журналістика схильна до втручання в особисте життя і долі будь-кого, і таким чином безмежної свободи слова у журналіста бути не може. В статті досліджені певні обмеження та забо рони на поширення певного переліку інформації у моральних кодексах журналіс тів зарубіжних країн. Такі обмеження та заборони цілком відповідають світовим міжнародним документам та переслідують ціль забезпечити захищеність особи від свавільної свободи слова журналіста. Сьогодні, коли в жодному законодавчому акті не передбачено поняття моралі, а також неможливо запровадити єдині моральні критерії для всіх, єдиним можливим засобом регулювання суспільної моралі ви ступають правові приписи, націлені на загальне благо та загальну колективну необ хідність. У статті висвітлені деякі позиції Європейського Суду з прав людини щодо питання свободи слова журналіста та виявлено, що відповідальність журналіста залежить не лише від якості інформації, але й від способу її подання, а також має значення спосіб оприлюднення інформації, оскільки встановлено, що аудіовізуаль ні засоби масової інформації мають значно більший вплив на психіку людини, ніж друковані. Наголошено, що свобода слова журналіста хоча і передбачає вільне ви раження поглядів, що є обов’язковою умовою правової держави, але застосування цього права не повинно суперечити вимогам права, моральним уявленням та кор поративним прпвиламДокумент Moral aspects of protection of personal data of individuals in international documents and judgments of the European court of human rights(Міжнародний гуманітарний університет, 2020) Horielova, V.Yu.; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаThe article examines the moral aspects of personal data protection of individuals in international legal acts and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, because personal data protection is a plane of the moral side of human existence, which is fundamental for the real ization of this person’s right to respect for private life. and family life. According to the provisions of national and international law, it is established that the category of “personal data” coincides in its understanding with the categories of “confidential information” and “personal information”. The article analyzes the international legal acts on the protection of personal data of individuals. A special provision is the provision according to which personal data indicating racial, political, religious or other beliefs, as well as data related to health. I or a person’s sexual life and those data relating to the criminal conviction of a person may not be subjected to automated processing if domestic law does not provide adequate guarantees for the protection of personal data. Also, the European Commu nity generally advises States to refrain from automated processing of personal data if appropriate data safeguards are not taken when storing such data in files to prevent accidental or unauthorized destruction or accidental loss of data and to prevent unauthorized access, alteration or alteration. dissemination of such information, and if there are no appropriate sanctions in the state in cases of violations of the provisions on personal data protection. The basic moral and legal principles and features on which the European Court of Human Rights is based in its decisions are revealed. Thus, the European Court in its decisions has established that a person may suffer non-pecuniary damage in the following cases: reasonable and unreasonable duration of data storage; violation of a person’s right to personal development, as well as the right to establish and develop relationships with other people and with the outside world; in cases of systematic or permanent accounting of personal infor mation, even in cases where such data may be contained in publicly available or other sources; in cases of collecting information about a person using a GPS device attached to his car and data about his location and movement in the public sphere. In view of the aboveДокумент Public morality as an object of national security of ukraine: theoretical and legal aspect(Національний університет "Одеська юридична академія", 2020) Horielova, V.; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаThe article examines the expediency of introducing spiritual and moral and ethical values as an object of protection by the National Security Service of Ukraine in accordance with the draft Law on Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the Security Service of Ukraine” to improve organizational and legal principles. activities of the Security Service of Ukraine. It is established that as an object of national security, public morality can be interpreted in a narrow and broad sense. In a broad sense, such an object of public morality can be interpreted as a system of state values, such as sovereignty, language, territorial integrity, health, honour, dignity, inviolability of the person and so on. In the narrow sense, the object of social morality is the spiritual state of each individual, because a person according to the Basic Law of Ukraine is the highest value. It is clear that public morality cannot be “programmed” even by interpreting the practice of past world experience, and thus moral values are more appropriate to lay in the legal field to be protected. In our opinion, public morality as an object of protection by the security service of Ukraine should include in its structure values and ideas related to the life of society, as well as requirements and practices corresponding to these values. The current legislation of Ukraine, which is designed to protect human rights and freedoms, unfortunately, does not contain an interpretation of the concept of “morality” and “public morality”. Even though everyone can understand good and evil, useful and harmful, he is also subject to his own ideas of good and bad. Under the law, a basic amount of responsibilities is created, the standard of moral behaviour necessary for the proper functioning of society. Thus, although the law cannot express the will of everyone and cannot correspond to the moral idea of justice of everyone, it is in democratic, legal states that the law creates a personal space of man, in which he harmoniously coexists with his own considerations of morality. Morality as a specific object of the national security service of Ukraine should form a kind of code of appropriate and positive for society, regulate behaviour, have a special spiritual dimension and perform in society several socially significant functions that will promote harmonization of person and society. Although the law cannot express the will of everyone and cannot correspond to the moral notion of justice of everyone, it is in democratic, legal states that the law creates a person’s personal space in which he harmoniously coexists with his own considerations of morality. Morality as a specific object of the national security service of Ukraine should form a kind of code of appropriate and positive for society, regulate behaviour, have a special spiritual dimension and perform in society a number of socially significant functions that will promote harmonization of person and society. Although the law cannot express the will of everyone and cannot correspond to the moral notion of justice of everyone, it is in democratic, legal states that the law creates a person’s personal space in which he harmoniously coexists with his own considerations of morality. Morality as a specific object of the national security service of Ukraine should form a kind of code of appropriate and positive for society, regulate behaviour, have a special spiritual dimension and perform in society a number of socially significant functions that will promote harmonization of person and societyДокумент Conceptual trends of modern morality in legal society(Науково-дослідний інститут приватного права і підприємництва ім. академіка Ф. Г. Бурчака, 2020) Horielova, V.; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаThe article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of morality in the legal society. Observing the transformation of the content of morality, which is a special state in the mobile process of social development and is progressing at the turn of political and socio-economic transformations. We can say that the transformation of morality in law is a transformation of public opinion of different meaning and direction, which due to internal or external factors or a combination of them are reproduced in the rules of law. The transformation of morality occurs at certain stages of development of society, and especially at those points in time when people are very sensitive to any external changes. In such periods, the general morality of society may be on a new countdown and lead to changes in directions to its further evolutionary path. Such a transformation of morality cannot exist outside the law and not affect its content. The article examines current trends in the transformation of morality in a legal society, which give rise to new theoretical constructions and approaches in relations in society, and thus encourage the modernization of legal tablets. The article analyzes the materials of statistical research on the views on the morals of the younger generation and the elderly. The tendency of gradual degradation of moral foundations is traced. The article states that certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Public Morality” are unconstitutional, although they coincide with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It is emphasized that the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Public Morality” does not fulfil its function, because it lacks many necessary factors that need attention, and its provisions should not be perceived as a restriction of freedom of expression for man, as freedom of legal the state is possible only within the framework of observance of the law and norms of morality. The article emphasizes that the content of the category “rule of law” implies the filling of legal norms with several moral principles and principles, because otherwise, the state can not be called legal. The article substantiates and proposes the category of “stabilizing function of morality” as a new moral and legal category, which is to maintain the stability of basic principles and rules of human life within the state through public resources, social, humanitarian, educational, propaganda and other methods of influenceДокумент Conceptual provisions of law and morals in a pandemic condition(Юридичний факультет Західноукраїнського національного університету, 2020) Horielova, V.; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаThe article is devoted to the problem of morality and law in a pandemic, because the COVID-19 pandemic has put doctors around the world in front of a tough issue of priority. In this regard, the question of the ethical choice of the doctor and what regulations he should be guided by is relevant. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively assess the rights of the patient and the doctor in a pandemic, justify and identify the moral guidelines of the doctor in a pandemic. The patient's rights are analyzed in a broad sense: the legal relations in the field of health care are enshrined in the law, and in a narrow sense, as a subjective, real relationship between the doctor (medical institution) and the patient in need of care. It is revealed that the actions of a doctor cannot be prescribed as a certain algorithm, and each action and decision of a doctor in a certain extreme situation is only his independent, moral choice. It has been studied that Ukraine takes responsibility for a sick person, giving him a number of additional rights, but there are certain restrictions in the law that can cause harm. It is proposed at the legislative level to develop ethical guidelines for doctors who must act in a pandemic, which will reduce the morale in which the health worker and the patient find themselves.Документ Prevention of economic crimes by the police: a legal measurement(Видавнича група «Наукові перспективи», 2024) Horielova, Veronika Yuryivna; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаThe article is devoted to the study of the problem of crime prevention in the economic sphere, which is considered relevant in view of the large number of reports of criminal acts, especially in the area of the use of budgetary funds, privatisation relations, land relations, foreign economic activity, etc. In addition, the article focuses on the study of cybercrime, since most economic crimes are committed via the Internet, and therefore it is considered necessary to implement appropriate measures to prevent and combat illegal manifestations in the field of digital relations. It is emphasised that economic crime primarily threatens the national security of the state. It should be noted that maintaining a sufficient level of protection against criminal manifestations in the economic sphere is implemented in different ways in developed countries, but the problem of criminals' constant improvement of mechanisms and methods of committing criminal acts in this sphere remains. The article examines the main problems of economic crime prevention. Based on a survey, the author found that investigators today lack the specialised knowledge and skills in both economics and IT (at least at a basic level) to successfully investigate economic crime, which has a negative impact on the quality of investigation, combating and prevention of crime in this area. The article shows that Ukraine does not yet have an appropriate law enforcement agency, and the draft law "On the principles of preventing and combating economic crimes and exercising financial control" does not contain any information on the nature of the state body that would have the authority and capacity to effectively monitor illegal manifestations in the economic sphere. It is noted that the prevention of economic crime will be facilitated by the creation of a sufficient set of training for future police officers in the field of economics and IT. It is also considered necessary to create a single police unit that will deal only with economic crimes.Документ To the issue of safety in food sphere as the highest social value in the healthcare system(Видавнича група «Наукові перспективи», 2024) Horielova, Veronika Yuriivna; Горєлова, Вероніка Юріївнаhe article is devoted to substantiating the conceptual foundations of the current state of food safety in the healthcare system. The issue of food safety is related to two fundamental and contradictory factors that are inextricably linked: on the one hand, it is the process of combating environmental pollution, and on the other hand, counteracting fraudulent actions by food producers. Among the main threats to food safety are a number of unresolved issues and the neglect of the main measures of state influence in the field of healthcare on the activities of economic actors. Based on WHO international standards and national legislation, it is possible to outline the main guidelines for achieving food safety, including: compliance with the latest food standards; prevention of potential contamination of agricultural land, water, air and the use of harmful substances in products; and improvement of food production technologies. Based on the basic requirements outlined in the HACCP food safety management system, certain problematic issues regarding the complexity of the integration processes of the HACCP system in Ukraine at the present stage are identified. The article outlines and describes the main types of threats that currently exist in Ukraine and are directly related to food quality. The article outlines the ways to overcome such threats, which have already been activated by the state, expert and public organisations. The article considers the recommendations of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) on responsible management of land tenure, fisheries and forestry in the context of national food security. Based on the research, it is possible to draw conclusions: in order to achieve safety goals in the food industry, attention should be focused not only on economic and legal issues, but also on the ecological side of the issue; provision of the state doctrine of health protection is not possible without approval of the doctrine of food safety; the state strategy must have a regulatory nature and correspond to the best international documents and practices; strategies must meet real-time requirements and have a long-term nature; focus on human health should be implemented through the prism of maintaining a healthy (safe) environment. It is emphasised that at the current stage in Ukraine, attention should be focused on priority immediate measures that do not require significant investments from the state,like: reducing tax pressure on food producers, spreading and supporting public control on a par with state controlДокумент Concept and content of professional ethics of a mediator(ТОВ «Наукова установа «Правові горизонти», 2024) Horielova, Veronica; Vishnevska, Yulia; Горєлова, Вероніка ЮріївнаThe article explores the content of a mediator’s professional ethics. It asserts that although conflicts originate in the social sphere, they fall within the legal domain (arising and being resolved within the scope of legal consequences) when considered as objects of mediation. It is noted that the mediator’s role is not solely a psychological phenomenon and should not be reduced to its practical application. Unlike a psychologist, a mediator operates within well-defined legal frameworks regarding the mediation procedure. Given the adversarial nature of the mediation object, a mediator cannot be either a party or an arbitrator. In other words, the mediator’s work is carried out within institutional legal principles, while the psychological aspect is strictly non-institutional. It has been researched that the professional ethics of a mediator is based on ethical values: trust; justice, including the principles of neutrality, independence, and impartiality; conscientiousness; truth, including transparency and honesty; f reedom, meaning respect for the mediator’s autonomy; responsibility; conscience, which includes the principle of voluntariness, dignity, humanity, and compliance with the requirements imposed on the mediator. It is noted that at present, there are no codified norms of ethical conduct for mediators, and the legislator’s attention is focused on regulating their activities. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of professional ethics arising from its socio-cultural purpose, which defines a system of values and principles that should correspond to the general concept of goodness for adequate professional communication. The article outlines some requirements for the ethics of mediators as mentioned in Ukrainian and foreign Codes of Ethics for Mediators. The main content of mediator ethics is defined in the article. The main features of the concept of professional ethics of a mediator are identified. An author’s definition of the concept of professional ethics of a mediator is proposed