Comparative analysis of funding of university education in EU countries

Abstract

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the funding models for university education in the European Union (EU), focusing on government, private, and alternative funding sources. Purpose of the study is to analyze and compare the different funding models for university education in the EU and evaluate their efficacy. The basis of the study was the scientific works of researchers from different countries of the world and the OECD report, which presents the features of public, private and alternative financing of higher education. The main methods used in the article are methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis and generalization. The analysis examines how these funding models impact accessibility, quality, and sustainability of higher education across different EU member states, including Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom (pre-Brexit), and Italy. Through a review of existing literature and an evaluation of different funding mechanisms, the study identifies key trends and outcomes associated with each funding type. The paper also explores how European integration and policies influence these funding mechanisms. By comparing models across various countries, this analysis aims to highlight best practices and recommend policy enhancements to harmonize educational opportunities and meet future economic and social demands. The study recommends that EU countries consider a balanced approach to funding that combines the strengths of government support, private investment, and innovative funding mechanisms. This approach should aim to ensure equitable access to high-quality education while fostering financial sustainability and adaptability to changing economic conditions. Further, the paper suggests that ongoing evaluation and adaptation of funding models are essential to address the evolving needs of students and the broader socio-economic landscape. These findings and recommendations contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities and dynamics of funding university education in the EU, providing a foundation for policymakers to enhance the effectiveness and fairness of higher education systems across Europe.