The role of global health diplomacy in the advancement of Ukraine’s national interests: a review of current approaches

Abstract

Background. In today’s globalized world, Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) plays an increasingly vital role, as cross-border health threats demand coordinated, multilateral responses. For Ukraine—especially in the context of full-scale war and the challenges of post-war recovery—GHD serves as a key mechanism for integration into global cooperation frameworks, attracting international support, and building soft power through humanitarian and health-focused diplomacy. Modern GHD encompasses several interconnected approaches, each shaped by the nature of participating actors, strategic objectives, and the political context of engagement. Core models include classical diplomacy, multilateral diplomacy, and health security diplomacy, which often function in parallel and complement one another, depending on global and regional dynamics. Aim: To analyze the state of evolution and modern approaches to global diplomacy in the field of health, with an emphasis on its strategic importance for Ukraine in the context of pandemics, war, humanitarian crisis and post-war reconstruction. Research methods. Interdisciplinary systemic approach, combining the method of system analysis, comparative method, case analysis method, documentary analysis, and elements of SWOT analysis. Results. A SWOT analysis of GHD approaches highlighted both opportunities and challenges for Ukraine. In recent years, the country has intensified its involvement in global health initiatives, combining domestic reforms with international cooperation. Partnerships with WHO, UNICEF, GAVI, and the Global Fund were established, along with integration into the European health and financial space. Since the start of the full-scale war, GHD has become a key tool for responding to humanitarian and health crises. Scientific and mental health diplomacy have emerged as strategic directions, making GHD an important platform for international coordination and advancing Ukraine’s foreign policy goals through health-focused actions. Conclusions. Effective health diplomacy requires cross-sectoral coordination, professional capacity-building, and sustained political support. Ukraine has succeeded in mobilizing humanitarian aid, evacuating patients, and maintaining its healthcare system through active cooperation with international partners. GHD has emerged as a tool of soft power, enhancing Ukraine’s international image and creating opportunities for recovery through joint programs and participation in European health initiatives. In addition, scientific and medical diplomacy facilitates the integration of Ukrainian institutions into the European research space and strengthens the country’s engagement in global discussions on health, biosecurity, and ethics.